MIME 类型
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 是描述消息内容类型的标准,用来表示文档、文件或字节流的性质和格式。
MIME 消息能包含文本、图像、音频、视频以及其他应用程序专用的数据。
浏览器通常使用 MIME 类型(而不是文件扩展名)来确定如何处理URL,因此 We b服务器在响应头中添加正确的 MIME 类型非常重要。如果配置不正确,浏览器可能会无法解析文件内容,网站将无法正常工作,并且下载的文件也会被错误处理。
语法
MIME 类型通用结构:
type/subtype
MIME 的组成结构非常简单,由类型与子类型两个字符串中间用 / 分隔而组成,不允许有空格。type 表示可以被分多个子类的独立类别,subtype 表示细分后的每个类型。
MIME类型对大小写不敏感,但是传统写法都是小写。
两种主要的 MIME 类型在默认类型中扮演了重要的角色:
- text/plain 表示文本文件的默认值。
- application/octet-stream 表示所有其他情况的默认值。
常见的 MIME 类型
-
超文本标记语言文本 .html、.html:text/html
-
普通文本 .txt: text/plain
RTF 文本 .rtf: application/rtf
GIF 图形 .gif: image/gif
JPEG 图形 .jpeg、.jpg: image/jpeg
au 声音文件 .au: audio/basic
MIDI 音乐文件 mid、.midi: audio/midi、audio/x-midi
RealAudio 音乐文件 .ra、.ram: audio/x-pn-realaudio
MPEG 文件 .mpg、.mpeg: video/mpeg
AVI 文件 .avi: video/x-msvideo
GZIP 文件 .gz: application/x-gzip
TAR 文件 .tar: application/x-tar
类型 | 描述 | 典型示例 |
---|---|---|
text |
表明文件是普通文本,理论上是人类可读 | text/plain , text/html , text/css, text/javascript |
image |
表明是某种图像。不包括视频,但是动态图(比如动态gif)也使用image类型 | image/gif , image/png , image/jpeg , image/bmp , image/webp , image/x-icon , image/vnd.microsoft.icon |
audio |
表明是某种音频文件 | audio/midi , audio/mpeg, audio/webm, audio/ogg, audio/wav |
video |
表明是某种视频文件 | video/webm , video/ogg |
application |
表明是某种二进制数据 |
|
MIME 对照表
媒体类型 | 文件扩展名 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
application/msword | doc | 微软 Office Word 格式(Microsoft Word 97 - 2004 document) |
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document | docx | 微软 Office Word 文档格式 |
application/vnd.ms-excel | xls | 微软 Office Excel 格式(Microsoft Excel 97 - 2004 Workbook |
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet | xlsx | 微软 Office Excel 文档格式 |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | ppt | 微软 Office PowerPoint 格式(Microsoft PowerPoint 97 - 2003 演示文稿) |
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation | pptx | 微软 Office PowerPoint 文稿格式 |
application/x-gzip | gz, gzip | GZ 压缩文件格式 |
application/zip | zip, 7zip | ZIP 压缩文件格式 |
application/rar | rar | RAR 压缩文件格式 |
application/x-tar | tar, tgz | TAR 压缩文件格式 |
application/pdf | PDF 是 Portable Document Format 的简称,即便携式文档格式 | |
application/rtf | rtf | RTF 是指 Rich Text Format,即通常所说的富文本格式 |
image/gif | gif | GIF 图像格式 |
image/jpeg | jpg, jpeg | JPG(JPEG) 图像格式 |
image/jp2 | jpg2 | JPG2 图像格式 |
image/png | png | PNG 图像格式 |
image/tiff | tif, tiff | TIF(TIFF) 图像格式 |
image/bmp | bmp | BMP 图像格式(位图格式) |
image/svg+xml | svg, svgz | SVG 图像格式 |
image/webp | webp | WebP 图像格式 |
image/x-icon | ico | ico 图像格式,通常用于浏览器 Favicon 图标 |
application/kswps | wps | 金山 Office 文字排版文件格式 |
application/kset | et | 金山 Office 表格文件格式 |
application/ksdps | dps | 金山 Office 演示文稿格式 |
application/x-photoshop | psd | Photoshop 源文件格式 |
application/x-coreldraw | cdr | Coreldraw 源文件格式 |
application/x-shockwave-flash | swf | Adobe Flash 源文件格式 |
text/plain | txt | 普通文本格式 |
application/x-javascript | js | Javascript 文件类型 |
text/javascript | js | 表示 Javascript 脚本文件 |
text/css | css | 表示 CSS 样式表 |
text/html | htm, html, shtml | HTML 文件格式 |
application/xhtml+xml | xht, xhtml | XHTML 文件格式 |
text/xml | xml | XML 文件格式 |
text/x-vcard | vcf | VCF 文件格式 |
application/x-httpd-php | php, php3, php4, phtml | PHP 文件格式 |
application/java-archive | jar | Java 归档文件格式 |
application/vnd.android.package-archive | apk | Android 平台包文件格式 |
application/octet-stream | exe | Windows 系统可执行文件格式 |
application/x-x509-user-cert | crt, pem | PEM 文件格式 |
audio/mpeg | mp3 | mpeg 音频格式 |
audio/midi | mid, midi | mid 音频格式 |
audio/x-wav | wav | wav 音频格式 |
audio/x-mpegurl | m3u | m3u 音频格式 |
audio/x-m4a | m4a | m4a 音频格式 |
audio/ogg | ogg | ogg 音频格式 |
audio/x-realaudio | ra | Real Audio 音频格式 |
video/mp4 | mp4 | mp4 视频格式 |
video/mpeg | mpg, mpe, mpeg | mpeg 视频格式 |
video/quicktime | qt, mov | QuickTime 视频格式 |
video/x-m4v | m4v | m4v 视频格式 |
video/x-ms-wmv | wmv | wmv 视频格式(Windows 操作系统上的一种视频格式) |
video/x-msvideo | avi | avi 视频格式 |
video/webm | webm | webm 视频格式 |
video/x-flv | flv | 一种基于 flash 技术的视频格式 |
按照内容类型排列的 MIME 类型列表
类型/子类型 | 扩展名 |
---|---|
application/envoy | evy |
application/fractals | fif |
application/futuresplash | spl |
application/hta | hta |
application/internet-property-stream | acx |
application/mac-binhex40 | hqx |
application/msword | doc |
application/msword | dot |
application/octet-stream | * |
application/octet-stream | bin |
application/octet-stream | class |
application/octet-stream | dms |
application/octet-stream | exe |
application/octet-stream | lha |
application/octet-stream | lzh |
application/oda | oda |
application/olescript | axs |
application/pdf | |
application/pics-rules | prf |
application/pkcs10 | p10 |
application/pkix-crl | crl |
application/postscript | ai |
application/postscript | eps |
application/postscript | ps |
application/rtf | rtf |
application/set-payment-initiation | setpay |
application/set-registration-initiation | setreg |
application/vnd.ms-excel | xla |
application/vnd.ms-excel | xlc |
application/vnd.ms-excel | xlm |
application/vnd.ms-excel | xls |
application/vnd.ms-excel | xlt |
application/vnd.ms-excel | xlw |
application/vnd.ms-outlook | msg |
application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore | sst |
application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat | cat |
application/vnd.ms-pkistl | stl |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | pot |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | pps |
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | ppt |
application/vnd.ms-project | mpp |
application/vnd.ms-works | wcm |
application/vnd.ms-works | wdb |
application/vnd.ms-works | wks |
application/vnd.ms-works | wps |
application/winhlp | hlp |
application/x-bcpio | bcpio |
application/x-cdf | cdf |
application/x-compress | z |
application/x-compressed | tgz |
application/x-cpio | cpio |
application/x-csh | csh |
application/x-director | dcr |
application/x-director | dir |
application/x-director | dxr |
application/x-dvi | dvi |
application/x-gtar | gtar |
application/x-gzip | gz |
application/x-hdf | hdf |
application/x-internet-signup | ins |
application/x-internet-signup | isp |
application/x-iphone | iii |
application/x-javascript | js |
application/x-latex | latex |
application/x-msaccess | mdb |
application/x-mscardfile | crd |
application/x-msclip | clp |
application/x-msdownload | dll |
application/x-msmediaview | m13 |
application/x-msmediaview | m14 |
application/x-msmediaview | mvb |
application/x-msmetafile | wmf |
application/x-msmoney | mny |
application/x-mspublisher | pub |
application/x-msschedule | scd |
application/x-msterminal | trm |
application/x-mswrite | wri |
application/x-netcdf | cdf |
application/x-netcdf | nc |
application/x-perfmon | pma |
application/x-perfmon | pmc |
application/x-perfmon | pml |
application/x-perfmon | pmr |
application/x-perfmon | pmw |
application/x-pkcs12 | p12 |
application/x-pkcs12 | pfx |
application/x-pkcs7-certificates | p7b |
application/x-pkcs7-certificates | spc |
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp | p7r |
application/x-pkcs7-mime | p7c |
application/x-pkcs7-mime | p7m |
application/x-pkcs7-signature | p7s |
application/x-sh | sh |
application/x-shar | shar |
application/x-shockwave-flash | swf |
application/x-stuffit | sit |
application/x-sv4cpio | sv4cpio |
application/x-sv4crc | sv4crc |
application/x-tar | tar |
application/x-tcl | tcl |
application/x-tex | tex |
application/x-texinfo | texi |
application/x-texinfo | texinfo |
application/x-troff | roff |
application/x-troff | t |
application/x-troff | tr |
application/x-troff-man | man |
application/x-troff-me | me |
application/x-troff-ms | ms |
application/x-ustar | ustar |
application/x-wais-source | src |
application/x-x509-ca-cert | cer |
application/x-x509-ca-cert | crt |
application/x-x509-ca-cert | der |
application/ynd.ms-pkipko | pko |
application/zip | zip |
audio/basic | au |
audio/basic | snd |
audio/mid | mid |
audio/mid | rmi |
audio/mpeg | mp3 |
audio/x-aiff | aif |
audio/x-aiff | aifc |
audio/x-aiff | aiff |
audio/x-mpegurl | m3u |
audio/x-pn-realaudio | ra |
audio/x-pn-realaudio | ram |
audio/x-wav | wav |
image/bmp | bmp |
image/cis-cod | cod |
image/gif | gif |
image/ief | ief |
image/jpeg | jpe |
image/jpeg | jpeg |
image/jpeg | jpg |
image/pipeg | jfif |
image/svg+xml | svg |
image/tiff | tif |
image/tiff | tiff |
image/x-cmu-raster | ras |
image/x-cmx | cmx |
image/x-icon | ico |
image/x-portable-anymap | pnm |
image/x-portable-bitmap | pbm |
image/x-portable-graymap | pgm |
image/x-portable-pixmap | ppm |
image/x-rgb | rgb |
image/x-xbitmap | xbm |
image/x-xpixmap | xpm |
image/x-xwindowdump | xwd |
message/rfc822 | mht |
message/rfc822 | mhtml |
message/rfc822 | nws |
text/css | css |
text/h323 | 323 |
text/html | htm |
text/html | html |
text/html | stm |
text/iuls | uls |
text/plain | bas |
text/plain | c |
text/plain | h |
text/plain | txt |
text/richtext | rtx |
text/scriptlet | sct |
text/tab-separated-values | tsv |
text/webviewhtml | htt |
text/x-component | htc |
text/x-setext | etx |
text/x-vcard | vcf |
video/mpeg | mp2 |
video/mpeg | mpa |
video/mpeg | mpe |
video/mpeg | mpeg |
video/mpeg | mpg |
video/mpeg | mpv2 |
video/quicktime | mov |
video/quicktime | qt |
video/x-la-asf | lsf |
video/x-la-asf | lsx |
video/x-ms-asf | asf |
video/x-ms-asf | asr |
video/x-ms-asf | asx |
video/x-msvideo | avi |
video/x-sgi-movie | movie |
x-world/x-vrml | flr |
x-world/x-vrml | vrml |
x-world/x-vrml | wrl |
x-world/x-vrml | wrz |
x-world/x-vrml | xaf |
x-world/x-vrml | xof |
按照文件扩展名排列的 MIME 类型列表
扩展名 | 类型/子类型 |
---|---|
application/octet-stream | |
323 | text/h323 |
acx | application/internet-property-stream |
ai | application/postscript |
aif | audio/x-aiff |
aifc | audio/x-aiff |
aiff | audio/x-aiff |
asf | video/x-ms-asf |
asr | video/x-ms-asf |
asx | video/x-ms-asf |
au | audio/basic |
avi | video/x-msvideo |
axs | application/olescript |
bas | text/plain |
bcpio | application/x-bcpio |
bin | application/octet-stream |
bmp | image/bmp |
c | text/plain |
cat | application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat |
cdf | application/x-cdf |
cer | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
class | application/octet-stream |
clp | application/x-msclip |
cmx | image/x-cmx |
cod | image/cis-cod |
cpio | application/x-cpio |
crd | application/x-mscardfile |
crl | application/pkix-crl |
crt | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
csh | application/x-csh |
css | text/css |
dcr | application/x-director |
der | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
dir | application/x-director |
dll | application/x-msdownload |
dms | application/octet-stream |
doc | application/msword |
dot | application/msword |
dvi | application/x-dvi |
dxr | application/x-director |
eps | application/postscript |
etx | text/x-setext |
evy | application/envoy |
exe | application/octet-stream |
fif | application/fractals |
flr | x-world/x-vrml |
gif | image/gif |
gtar | application/x-gtar |
gz | application/x-gzip |
h | text/plain |
hdf | application/x-hdf |
hlp | application/winhlp |
hqx | application/mac-binhex40 |
hta | application/hta |
htc | text/x-component |
htm | text/html |
html | text/html |
htt | text/webviewhtml |
ico | image/x-icon |
ief | image/ief |
iii | application/x-iphone |
ins | application/x-internet-signup |
isp | application/x-internet-signup |
jfif | image/pipeg |
jpe | image/jpeg |
jpeg | image/jpeg |
jpg | image/jpeg |
js | application/x-javascript |
latex | application/x-latex |
lha | application/octet-stream |
lsf | video/x-la-asf |
lsx | video/x-la-asf |
lzh | application/octet-stream |
m13 | application/x-msmediaview |
m14 | application/x-msmediaview |
m3u | audio/x-mpegurl |
man | application/x-troff-man |
mdb | application/x-msaccess |
me | application/x-troff-me |
mht | message/rfc822 |
mhtml | message/rfc822 |
mid | audio/mid |
mny | application/x-msmoney |
mov | video/quicktime |
movie | video/x-sgi-movie |
mp2 | video/mpeg |
mp3 | audio/mpeg |
mpa | video/mpeg |
mpe | video/mpeg |
mpeg | video/mpeg |
mpg | video/mpeg |
mpp | application/vnd.ms-project |
mpv2 | video/mpeg |
ms | application/x-troff-ms |
mvb | application/x-msmediaview |
nws | message/rfc822 |
oda | application/oda |
p10 | application/pkcs10 |
p12 | application/x-pkcs12 |
p7b | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
p7c | application/x-pkcs7-mime |
p7m | application/x-pkcs7-mime |
p7r | application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp |
p7s | application/x-pkcs7-signature |
pbm | image/x-portable-bitmap |
application/pdf | |
pfx | application/x-pkcs12 |
pgm | image/x-portable-graymap |
pko | application/ynd.ms-pkipko |
pma | application/x-perfmon |
pmc | application/x-perfmon |
pml | application/x-perfmon |
pmr | application/x-perfmon |
pmw | application/x-perfmon |
pnm | image/x-portable-anymap |
pot, | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
ppm | image/x-portable-pixmap |
pps | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
prf | application/pics-rules |
ps | application/postscript |
pub | application/x-mspublisher |
qt | video/quicktime |
ra | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
ram | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
ras | image/x-cmu-raster |
rgb | image/x-rgb |
rmi | audio/mid |
roff | application/x-troff |
rtf | application/rtf |
rtx | text/richtext |
scd | application/x-msschedule |
sct | text/scriptlet |
setpay | application/set-payment-initiation |
setreg | application/set-registration-initiation |
sh | application/x-sh |
shar | application/x-shar |
sit | application/x-stuffit |
snd | audio/basic |
spc | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
spl | application/futuresplash |
src | application/x-wais-source |
sst | application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore |
stl | application/vnd.ms-pkistl |
stm | text/html |
svg | image/svg+xml |
sv4cpio | application/x-sv4cpio |
sv4crc | application/x-sv4crc |
swf | application/x-shockwave-flash |
t | application/x-troff |
tar | application/x-tar |
tcl | application/x-tcl |
tex | application/x-tex |
texi | application/x-texinfo |
texinfo | application/x-texinfo |
tgz | application/x-compressed |
tif | image/tiff |
tiff | image/tiff |
tr | application/x-troff |
trm | application/x-msterminal |
tsv | text/tab-separated-values |
txt | text/plain |
uls | text/iuls |
ustar | application/x-ustar |
vcf | text/x-vcard |
vrml | x-world/x-vrml |
wav | audio/x-wav |
wcm | application/vnd.ms-works |
wdb | application/vnd.ms-works |
wks | application/vnd.ms-works |
wmf | application/x-msmetafile |
wps | application/vnd.ms-works |
wri | application/x-mswrite |
wrl | x-world/x-vrml |
wrz | x-world/x-vrml |
xaf | x-world/x-vrml |
xbm | image/x-xbitmap |
xla | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlc | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlm | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xls | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlt | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xlw | application/vnd.ms-excel |
xof | x-world/x-vrml |
xpm | image/x-xpixmap |
xwd | image/x-xwindowdump |
z | application/x-compress |
zip | application/zip |
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